What is cell cycle?

[Wan]

Hi there everyone! I am reading up on cell cycle cos this is what they are teaching for my new semester. Can you pls read my qns and help me?

What is cell cycle?
Do all cells undergo cell cycle? Which cells undergo the cell cycle?
What are the stages in cell cycle?
What are the critical stages of the cell cycle?
How does a cell prepare itself before it undergoes the cell cycle?
Why do scientists study the cell cycle?
How is information of the cell cycle applied in biotechnology and medicine?

Thanks alot!

my email is hvnly_jkw_56@hotmail.com in case any of you want to reach me.

[anne123]

Interphase

(technically not part of mitosis, but it is included in the cell cycle)

Cell is in a resting phase, performing cell functions

DNA replicates (copies)

Organelles double in number, to prepare for division


Prophase

Spindle forms

Centrioles move to opposite poles

Chromosomes become visible


Metaphase

Chromosomes line up along the equator


Anaphase

Centromeres divide

Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles


Telophase

Nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes

Chromosomes unwind

Cytokinesis begins

[thiru]

During development from stem to fully differentiated, cells in the body alternately divide (mitosis) and "appear" to be resting (interphase). This sequence of activities exhibited by cells is called the cell cycle.

Interphase, which appears to the eye to be a resting stage between cell divisions, is actually a period of diverse activities. Those interphase activities are indispensible in making the next mitosis possible.

[Flide]

The cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication. In cells without a nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells, and some internal organs are renewed.

[Philia]

The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication.The cell cycle is a process in which a cell grows and divides to create a copy of itself. Some organisms reproduce through the cell cycle, and in complex multicellular organisms, the cell cycle is used to allow the organism to grow, and to replace cells as they grow worn out. In animals, the whole cell cycle takes around 24 hours from start to finish.

[Alexa]

The cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells and some internal organs are renewed.

[Crawl]

The cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and replication. In cells without a nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission.The cell cycle is a process in which a cell grows and divides to create a copy of itself. Some organisms reproduce through the cell cycle and in complex multicellular organisms, the cell cycle is used to allow the organism to grow and to replace cells as they grow worn out.

[Laureen]

It takes 24 hours for an onion tip root cell to complete the cell cycle. Of that 24 hours, the stages take:

Interphase = 13 hours
Prophase = 6.6 hours = 1 hour 36 minutes
Metaphase = 2 hours
Anaphase = 1.3 hours = 1 hour 18 minutes
Telophase = 0.6 hours = 36 minutes

[Arnold Levis]

The cell cycle is a process in which a cell grows and divides to create a copy of itself. Some organisms reproduce through the cell cycle and in complex multicellular organisms, the cell cycle is used to allow the organism to grow, and to replace cells as they grow worn out.The cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication. In cells without a nucleus, the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission.

[Anu Smith]

Cell cycle is the basic of the beginning of the life without which life or reproduction can not be imagine.

[Brayden]

The cell cycle is the process by which a cell grows, duplicates its DNA and divides into identical daughter cells.Cell cycle duration varies according to cell type and organism.The cell cycle is a process in which a cell grows and divides to create a copy of itself. Some organisms reproduce through the cell cycle and in complex multicellular organisms, the cell cycle is used to allow the organism to grow and to replace cells as they grow worn out.

[Tironsam]

Cell cycle assays are applied in early toxicity testing and in screening for anti-cancer agents.One of the most important aspects in anti-cancer treatments is the inhibition of cell proliferation and cell division.The cell cycle is the ordered series of events required for the faithful duplication of one eukaryotic cells into two genetically identical daughter cells.In a cell cycle, precise replication of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) duplicates each chromosome.

[Vilot]

Cell Cycle is a process in which a cell leading to its division and duplication.The cell-division cycle is a vital process by which a single-celled fertilized egg develops into a mature organism, as well as the process by which hair, skin, blood cells and some internal organs are renewed.Cell cycle is regulated by different specific proteins.At this moment we know lots of different proteins which regulate cell cycle, phase change.When these proteins are damaged by mutations cell cycle regulation can be disturbed.Cells could die or become not controlled depending on the nature of mutation- this could lead to cancer.Cell cycle regulation disorders leads to accelerated aging and/or cell malignancy.

[Arren]

The cell cycle is a process in which a cell grows and divides to create a copy of itself.Some organisms reproduce through the cell cycle and in complex multicellular organisms, the cell cycle is used to allow the organism to grow and to replace cells as they grow worn out.The cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and replication.

[Herick]

Cell Cycle is defined as the cycle of cell growth, replication of the genetic material and nuclear and cytoplasmic division.The cell cycle is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and replication. In cells without a nucleus,the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission.

[ignatiusmael]

Definition of cell cycle:
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.

[Jaques]

Cell Cycle is the cycle of cell growth, replication of the genetic material and nuclear and cytoplasmic division.The cell cycle is also used during fetal development to allow a single fertilized egg to develop into an entire organism.The cell cycle is a process in which a cell grows and divides to create a copy of itself.Some organisms reproduce through the cell cycle, and in complex multicellular organisms, the cell cycle is used to allow the organism to grow, and to replace cells as they grow worn out.

[Jinal]

The cell cycle is a process in which a cell grows and divides to create a copy of itself.Some organisms reproduce through the cell cycle and in complex multicellular organisms, the cell cycle is used to allow the organism to grow and to replace cells as they grow worn out.The cell cycle is also used during fetal development to allow a single fertilized egg to develop into an entire organism.

[egoistic]

Steps in the cycle

* A rising level of G1-cyclins bind to their Cdks and signal the cell to prepare the chromosomes for replication.
* A rising level of S-phase promoting factor (SPF) — which includes A cyclins bound to Cdk2 — enters the nucleus and prepares the cell to duplicate its DNA (and its centrosomes).
* As DNA replication continues, cyclin E is destroyed, and the level of mitotic cyclins begins to rise (in G2).
* M-phase promoting factor (the complex of mitotic [b] cyclins with the M-phase Cdk [Cdk1]) initiates

assembly of the mitotic spindle
breakdown of the nuclear envelope
cessation of all gene transcription
condensation of the chromosomes

* These events take the cell to metaphase of mitosis.
* At this point, the M-phase promoting factor activates the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) which
• allows the sister chromatids at the metaphase plate to separate and move to the poles (= anaphase), completing mitosis.
Separation of the sister chromatids depends on the breakdown of the cohesins that have been holding them together. It works like this.
+ Cohesin breakdown is caused by a protease called separase (also known as separin).
+ Separase is kept inactive until late metaphase by an inhibitory chaperone called securin.
+ Anaphase begins when the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C) destroys securin (by tagging it with ubiquitin for deposit in a proteasome) thus ending its inhibition of separase and allowing
+ separase to break down the cohesins.
• destroys B cyclins. This is also done by attaching them to ubiquitin which targets them for destruction by proteasomes.
Link to discussion of proteasomes.
• turns on synthesis of G1 cyclins (D) for the next turn of the cycle.
• degrades geminin, a protein that has kept the freshly-synthesized DNA in S phase from being re-replicated before mitosis.
This is only one mechanism by which the cell ensures that every portion of its genome is copied once — and only once — during S phase. Link to discussion.

Lindsay Rosenwald

[rachard1583]

let me cell phases, The cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phas (mitosis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's chromosomes are divided between the two daughter cells, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides in half forming distinct cells. Activation of each phase is dependent on the proper progression and completion of the previous one. Cells that have temporarily or reversibly stopped dividing are said to have entered a state of quiescence called G0 phase.

[StephenJones011]

The cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in the cell leading to its division and duplication.
For more details see
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle

Thanks
Stephen Jones

[gavinol]

If you are talking about the phases of the cell cycle then here it is:

Interphase- DNA Replication and the chromatin condenses into chromatids
Prophase- Chromosomes form
Metaphase- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase- Chromosomes are pulled towards the poles of the cell
Telophase- Two diploid cells are visible

There is also another small phase called Cytokinesis where the two cells are pinched apart and separated.